![]() Alternatively, other clients exist, such as "Table Plus" and allow you to connect, on Mac, to a variety of database servers, including SQL Server. Decision making-wise, how much do your want your local sql/mysql client to influence/weigh in your architecture/technology decisions, though? This can be a slippery slope. I have been running it at various companies (under AWS/RDS and AWS/Aurora) and have no reason to switch over to anything else. That said, could Azure MySQL ( ) be an option for you a this point? MySQL offers great performance. You'd only be looking at MySQL Query Workbench, if you were running and connecting to a MySQL Database. Therefore, it certainly makes sense you stick with some of the official Microsoft Tooling to connect to it, query and administer it. Looking at your stack ( ), it seems you are using Azure SQL Databases. ![]() Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio and TablePlus can be categorized as "Database" tools.Īccording to the StackShare community, Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio has a broader approval, being mentioned in 8 company stacks & 19 developers stacks compared to TablePlus, which is listed in 6 company stacks and 15 developer stacks. TablePlus includes many security features to protect your database, including native libssh and TLS to encrypt your connection. TablePlus is a native app which helps you easily edit database data and structure. On the other hand, TablePlus is detailed as " Easily edit database data and structure". Use it to deploy, monitor, and upgrade the data-tier components used by your applications, as well as build queries and scripts. Choose the correct JOIN clause to select all the records from the Customers table plus all the matches in the Orders table. Although it works fine, it doesnt offer all of the features that the Windows and Mac OS versions offer. It provides tools to configure, monitor, and administer instances of SQL Server and databases. It is an integrated environment for managing any SQL infrastructure, from SQL Server to Azure SQL Database. Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio vs TablePlus: What are the differences?ĭevelopers describe Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio as " An integrated environment for managing any SQL infrastructure".
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![]() Close all files and programs that are open. You should backup your personal files and data before doing a System Restore. If you have created a system restore point prior to installing a program, then you can use System Restore to restore your system and completely eradicate the unwanted programs like USB Network Gate. System Restore is a utility which comes with Windows operating systems and helps computer users restore the system to a previous state and remove programs interfering with the operation of the computer. Method 3: Uninstall USB Network Gate via System Restore. Double click on its uninstaller and follow the wizard to uninstall USB Network Gate. Go to the installation folder of USB Network Gate. You can find this files in the installation folder of USB Network Gate. Most of computer programs have an executable file named uninst000.exe or uninstall.exe or something along these lines. Method 2: Uninstall USB Network Gate with its uninstaller.exe. Look for USB Network Gate in the list, click on it and then click Uninstall to initiate the uninstallation. Open WinX menu by holding Windows and X keys together, and then click Programs and Features.ī. So when you want to uninstall USB Network Gate, the first solution is to uninstall it via Programs and Features.Ĭlick Start, type uninstall a program in the Search programs and files box and then click the result. When you want to uninstall the program, you can go to the Programs and Features to uninstall it. When a new piece of program is installed on your system, that program is added to the list in Programs and Features. Method 1: Uninstall USB Network Gate via Programs and Features. Method 7: Uninstall USB Network Gate with Third-party Uninstaller. Method 6: Use the Uninstall Command Displayed in the Registry. Method 5: Reinstall USB Network Gate to uninstall. Method 4: Uninstall USB Network Gate with Antivirus. Recommended Method: Quick Way to Uninstall USB Network Gate Method 1: Uninstall USB Network Gate via Programs and Features. How to Uninstall USB Network Gate Completley? ![]() So, it's really important to completely uninstall USB Network Gate and remove all of its files. An incomplete uninstallation of USB Network Gate may also cause many problems. USB Network Gate cannot be uninstalled due to many other problems. * Files and folders of USB Network Gate can be found in the hard disk after the uninstallation. * Another process that is using the file stops USB Network Gate being uninstalled. Not all of the files were successfully uninstalled. * A file required for this uninstallation to complete could not be run. * You do not have sufficient access to uninstall USB Network Gate. * USB Network Gate is not listed in Programs and Features. Possible problems when you uninstall USB Network Gate Are you in need of uninstalling USB Network Gate to fix some problems? Are you looking for an effective solution to completely uninstall it and thoroughly delete all of its files out of your PC? No worry! This page provides detailed instructions on how to completely uninstall USB Network Gate. Are you the kind of person that says manically “I’m coming, just one more row!”. Desperate to get the thing done so they can wear it and they’ve probably thought they could get away without a swatch. Hungry for the next technique, they immerse themselves in the learning and barely a day goes without picking up the needles to knit “a few more rows”. In fact the process knitter will often have several projects on the go and when they are finished they barely notice what they’ve made as they’ve already given it away or moved onto the next project. ![]() The process knitter loves just that, the process. They wander round yarn stores, sniffing and squishing skeins, holding them next to each other to work out what colour goes with what. They collect project bags, pour over patterns, sharpen their pencil to mark out the steps. The process maker spends hours luxuriating in the act of knitting, selecting the perfect needles, the perfect cast on, ritualising the moment – the right chair by the right window with the right lamp. I guess the question is do you knit for the process, to relax, making notes in your pattern book, de-coding, planning and disappearing into that mindful and meditative state? Or do you knit with a means to an end? Knitting so that you’ve made a ‘thing’ that you can wear with pride or gleefully give away. The time would melt away and I began to love the process more and was able to push myself into more complex patterns – my first sock was a thrilling achievement! I loved ordering the tea and the slice of cake and perching myself at the end of the table next to the really experienced knitters, listening more than chatting and relishing the help and advice when I ventured to more challenging projects. Unless there’s an impending deadline (a gift) life gets busy and I’m no good at prioritising my time and end up knitting furiously with the television on.īefore the lockdown I went to a knitting group every Sunday and I think that really helped me get into a flow. I however loved that I could design my own things, make hats and scarves for friends and feel safe in the simplicity of an easy pattern. The idea of knitting a scarf in an endless knit and purl would make her toes curl. Mum however has many projects on the go, has floor to ceiling stashes of yarn, adores complex techniques and has pictures of sheep on most items in the house. I’d say I’m still relatively slow, I am much more focussed on the knit being neat than a speedy finish and yet, I always want to finish a project before I start the next one. ![]() My mum is a very skilled knitter and inspired me to start knitting a few years ago. What kind of knitter are you? Product or process? I don’t know about you but I’ve never really understood the term ‘process knitter’ or ‘product knitter’ never mind which one I am. ![]() NightOwl’s cloud-based processing of the collected data gives the HTD its sleep lab accuracy. This is where NightOwl’s HTD comes in handy, as it accurately measures oxygen saturation (SpO2), among various other parameters. Rapid alteration in blood oxygen level while a person is asleep is considered one of the most accurate sleep apnea indicators. NightOwl’s sensor data algorithm allows cloud-based processing of the collected data, then, transmitted to the patient’s smartphone through Bluetooth after each night’s testing. In case of a failed test, the patient is directed on how to perform it better and carry out the test automatically. Once the companion app is downloaded, patients will find instruction videos for guidance through the testing protocol. Next, an email is sent to the patient with a link to download NightOwl’s companion app without the need for a code entry. It’s as simple as entering the email of the patient. NightOwl’s cloud-based portal allows convenient test creation. The easy to use steps make NightOwl a versatile and promising device for home testing of sleep apnea. NightOwl’s sensor obtains reflectance-based photoplethysmography (PPG) signals and data from the accelerometer. It also eliminates the risk of contamination, thus, preventing the risk of COVID-19 spread. ![]() NightOwl device is disposable and can carry out tests in sleep apnea suspected patients for up to 12 nights with a single device. This device allows capturing the variability of sleep apnea between nights to reach an appropriate diagnosis. NightOwl HTD makes use of the peripheral arterial tone measurement devoid of single-use pneumo-optic probes, eliminating the need for a probe. NightOwl sensor battery is long-lasting, and the device can work for about three nights without needing a recharge. Neither does it require a specified finger probe to collect an adequate signal reading, nor does it need a separate wrist-worn component containing the processing unit and battery. NightOwl system design is miniaturized for detecting OSA. The patient can initiate the testing by wearing the sensor on the fingertip with the help of an adhesive patch. Its easy-to-use design enables NightOwl to be self-applied by the patient. The NightOwl sensor is placed on the patient’s fingertip, while the cloud-based analytics software runs in the background. This device system comes with a small sensor and a cloud-based analytics platform. NightOwl testing device is a similar diagnostic tool for OSA that takes measurements based on peripheral arterial tonometry. It was concluded that testing devices that evaluate alteration in peripheral arterial tone (PAT) when coupled with actigraphy and blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) are appropriate for detecting OSA in patients at risk. Soon after, a study carried out a comprehensive analysis of the effectiveness of HSAT devices for diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The first recommendation by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) that both polysomnography (PSG) and home sleep apnea testing (HSAT) are suitable for the diagnosis of sleep apnea in adult patients was given in March 2017. ISD Health Solutions offers this convenient, FDA approved, and affordable test.NightOwl is reliable to use due to its cloud-based data processing feature, and its effectiveness is comparable to standard in-lab tests.Steps to use NightOwl include test creation, patient activation, test completion, and sleep data scoring.NightOwl’s benefits include self-applicability, miniature design, durable battery, multi-night evaluation, disposable-nature, and absence of probes.NightOwl testing device is a diagnostic tool for OSA based on peripheral arterial tonometry and comes with a small sensor and a cloud-based analytics platform software.For health and safety reasons, any opened or partially-used products are not eligible for return. A 10% restocking fee will apply to all return orders. What about Returns?įor physical products: Unused, unopened products may be returned within 30 days. Follow the instructions to email patient instructions and each NightOwl device can be activated using the cloud-based portal. It's easy! Just head to nightowl.care and create a new Provider Account. This product is intended for use only under the guidance of licensed-healthcare providers. Any orders placed by non-healthcare providers will be rejected. To place an order on this site you MUST be a licensed dentist or physician. NightOwl® products are FDA-cleared for healthcare provider use. FREE shipping on all Qty 10+ NightOwl orders.All orders ship with tracking information and email confirmation.Digital Downloads (eBooks): Instant delivery! Receive a download link immediately after your purchase.Physical Products: Fast Shipping - most orders ship in less than one business day. ![]() In particular, the famous ‘Thomson Submachine Gun (or Tommy Gun) was a long weapon that was concealed inside a guitar-shaped case. Since musicians also carried their guitars in cases and bags they commandeered the word as well, and started using it to describe their guitars. The gangsters who ran these lotteries carried their guns in a bag or case and referred to them as axes. John claims that the word was actually coined from the illegal lottery business. In the book ‘ The Language of the Blues: From Alcorub to Zuzu‘, R&B artist and street slang aficionado Dr. ![]() You’re certainly getting a lot of different slang guitar terms for your money in this article, huh? 4. So far we’ve got ‘axe’, ‘woodshedding’, and ‘chops’. They were responsible for a lot of the ‘jive langauge’ that we musicians still use to this day. So, as guitarists, we use our ‘axes’ to show off our chops.Ĭhops is another term that originated from the jazz players of the 1940s onwards. In terms of guitar playing, your chops are the palette of skills that you possess – your musician’s toolbox if you will. What do you do with an axe? You chop wood. This makes the theory one of the earliest in this article! 3. In the context of music, the term was used as far back as 1936 when it was recorded during an interview with jazz musician Louis Armstrong. Of course, these days your ‘woodshed’ is more likely to be your bedroom or practice space, as opposed to an actual shed! And what do you use to chop wood? An axe! ![]() In the past, musicians might go out to the woodshed to practice in peace, as it would generally be located away from the hustle and bustle inside the home. In jazz circles, the term is commonly shortened to ‘shedding’, or even just ‘shed’. ![]() In the context of a musician, woodshedding is known as a prolonged practice or rehearsal session. WoodsheddingĪ further possible reason for referring to a guitar as an axe could be thanks to the term ‘ woodshedding‘. So just in case, here are a few more potential explanations! 2. However, we can’t say for certain that this is the definitive origin of this slang term. Popular consensus is that the word has become so synonymous with the guitar due to the instrument’s slight resemblance to the shape of an axe. It is also theorized that the axe reference eludes to the ‘swing’ of a jazz saxophonist in full stride. At some point around 1967 guitarists also started to refer to their guitars as axes.Īccording to the April 2007 edition of The Word Detective, the term was first associated with the saxophone due to ‘sax’ sounding like ‘axe’. The use of the word ‘axe’ as a slang term for a musical instrument actually began with the saxophone in 1955, and then, later on, the trumpet. It Started With The SaxĪ guitar is called an axe thanks to the jazz musicians of the ’50s who first coined the term. Whether you cringe at this common slang term or not, let’s try and discover where it came from… Why Is A Guitar Called An Axe? 1. Hopefully at least one of them will satisfy your thirst for knowledge! However, I have tried my best to include as many different theories as I could uncover. Unfortunately, through my research, I found that there is no real concrete answer to the origins of this slang term. I was curious myself, so I carried out a little digging to see what I could find out. Well… AXE, and you shall receive… (sorry, not sorry). Ever wondered why a guitar is called an AXE? They take place in May and November in London. ![]() Sales of Travel, Atlases, Maps & Natural History include travel books, topographical photographs and maps. They are held in London in July and December. Raptis Rare Books Who We Are Founded by Matthew and Adrienne Raptis, Raptis Rare Books is an antiquarian book store located at 329 Worth Avenue (previously 226 Worth Avenue) in Palm Beach, Florida that specializes in fine first editions, signed and inscribed books, and landmark books in all fields. Some of the greatest treasures and collections of English literature and history from 1500 to the 21st century can be found in our sales of English Literature, History, Private Press and Children’s Books. These auctions take place in London in June and December. Music sales feature autographed music manuscripts by Bach, Mozart, Beethoven and Wagner, among others as well as first editions of music, books on music, letters, signed photographs and memorabilia. Sales are held twice each year in London to coincide with our sales of Important Russian Art in June and December. ![]() All members agree to abide by the ABAA's Code of Ethics. We strive to maintain the highest standards in the trade. Offerings of Continental, Russian & Science books range from blockbooks and incunabula to the Russian avant-garde. About ABAA: The Antiquarian Booksellers' Association of America was founded in 1949 to promote interest in rare and antiquarian books and book collecting, and to foster collegial relations. Our select inventory turns over quickly, and our contacts from private sources. These auctions are held in New York and Paris in June and December. We have created a basic guide to starting a collection and understanding the terminology of booksellers. We specialize in a wide range collection of signed, inscribed, and unique books. In addition to books, Americana encompasses pamphlets, letters, documents and manuscripts. Winston Art Group has more than 75 art market specialists whose areas of expertise cover every type of fine art, decorative art, jewelry and collectibles. Sotheby’s Books and Manuscripts Department is divided into five sub-specialties: Their depth of knowledge and global reach have established Sotheby’s as the leading seller in this diverse field with sales from the past five years exceeding $350 million. FABA has been serving bibliophiles and book dealers for more than three decades. ![]() Lastly, we have a five-star rating on Google, A+ accredited grade on the Better Business Bureau, and are licensed, bonded, and insured.Our international team of fifteen books specialists work in tandem with Sotheby’s regional representatives throughout the world. The Florida Antiquarian Booksellers Association is dedicated to enhancing the business of buying and selling rare and unusual books, vintage photographs, antique maps and ephemera by promoting high standards of excellence in the industry. We’re also members of the American Numismatic Association (ANA) and the Florida United Numismatists (FUN).įurthermore, we’re bullion dealers for the United States Mint, Perth Mint, and Royal Canadian Mint. We’re proud to be a coin shop in West Palm Beach that the local community trusts.Įndeavor Metals is a member of the Numismatic Guaranty Corporation (NGC), Professional Coin Grading Service (PCGS), ANACS, the National Coin and Bullion Association (NCBA), and the prestigious Silver Institute. In the last decade, Endeavor Metals has grown as a company and emerged as an industry leader in the precious metals sector. Sothebys Books Manuscript Department presents its upcoming rare books and manuscripts auctions, auction results, online catalogues, and specialists. We know when it comes to selecting a rare coin dealer in West Palm Beach, collectors and investors want to make sure they’re making the right decision. For those who aspire to collect books, a good bibliography is to the collector as a good map is to an explorer. LinkedIn Learning is an award-winning online learning site taught by recognized industry experts, offering more than 3,000 courses and 150,000 videos on. ![]() This mod takes inspiration from the Diablo and Zenith mods as well, so you will see a cross-over. With the wide range of new material included in this mod, your Reign of Terror game will feel more diverse and fresher. Grimarillion also includes new hairstyle illusions, new relics, new customization items, and new affixes and loot. ![]() This mod also allows players to change the game difficulty and how dense the mob groups become. The Grimarillion mod greatly expands the content in Reign of Terror by adding new masteries and increasing the stash size by three times. The game will also be upgraded with over 70 new visual effects. This mod also takes the time to provide over 40 new animations with new sound effects. Weapons include over 200 types of small arms, over 150 melee items, over 150 sets of armor, and more. With this mod, you will have access to over 800 new weapons, new armor pieces, new abilities, and two brand new classes that have been redesigned! The Warhammer 40,000 Global Conversion mod provides a multitude of new features to Grim Dawn. Warhammer 40,000 Global ConversionĪnother game combination that mixes aspects of Grim Dawn and Warhammer 40,000. Combined with the Grim Dawn aspects, this mod makes for an interesting combination of synergies. This mod includes many aspects of Diablo II, including items, skills, and classes. The Reign of Terror mod takes inspiration from Diablo II, overhauling Grim Dawn to craft an experience similar to the popular ARPG. This mod includes redesigned maps and a combined dual-class system. If you are a fan of Grim Dawn and Diablo, this Grim Dawn Reign of Terror mod is for you. If you’re looking for more things to do in Grim Dawn or just want to make the game even more awesome, then Grim Dusk is definitely worth checking out. The modder also plans to introduce new, custom classes that will add new ways of playing the game. It also increases the stash and inventory sizes, allowing you to store more loot and gear. Grim Dusk is a massive overhaul mod for Grim Dawn that adds tons of new skills and items to the game. This is one of the more ambitious mods on this list, but its goals sound amazing. Pet Patch is an excellent mod that makes the Grim Dawn pet system much better. These changes make the pet system much more forgiving and versatile, which is great for players who want to make the most of their builds.Ī whole new world of possibilities opens up when you can count on your new pets as a persistent tool. This mod makes temporary pets permanent, large summons last longer, and allows you to have more pets. So if you’re looking for a mod pack that will improve your Grim Dawn experience, ComboMod is the way to go! 27. With all of these mods working together, you’ll be able to spend less time micromanaging your character and more time enjoying the action. Why is ComboMod good for the game? Well, for one thing, it makes the game more fun! But also it makes the game more convenient. There are mods for combat, inventory, travel, and more. This mod contains dozens of other useful mods that make your game experience better without doing too much hunting and installing. Combomodĭo you like Grim Dawn? Do you like quality-of-life mods? If so, then you’ll love ComboMod! This is one of the best Grim Dawn mods for us since we love summoning in RPGs. This allows players to customize their pet army to be fully ranged or melee. ![]() Instead of just “Raise Skeletons,” the skill is broken into four distinct new ones to enjoy.Ĭast Skeleton Soldiers, Skeleton Arbalesters, Skeleton Mages, or Deathknights to raise a custom undead army with the exact skills and power you’re looking for. Vanilla Necromancy Overhaul (VNO) is a mod for Grim Dawn that separates the summons into each distinctive skill. Run Speed is compatible with pets and all DLC, too! 29. This can be especially helpful in larger areas or when fighting enemies that are spread out, as it can help shave off precious seconds when traveling between points on the map. It increases run speed from 0.92 to 1.6, making it much easier to get around. Movement speed mods are never a bad idea, in our opinion. This mod for Grim Dawn is excellent for players who want to move around the game world more quickly. ![]() Lines can be used as simple fulcrums to help bring either end of your boat to the dock. Using your lines to assist in docking can save a great deal of time and energy. Consult your tide tables, especially when traveling in new waters.Īt all times, maintain no more than steerage speeds and try and have some crew ready with lines to tie off immediately. Current can also effect your docking in a similar fashion to wind, and in some areas can preclude you from docking at all in low water.If the wind is at your stern, come into the dock at a narrow angle and let the wind do the work of pushing your boat up against the dock. When coming alongside a pier with the wind in your face, head in at a steep angle to the pier and turn sharply at the last moment to avoid being blown out by the wind. Knowing which way the wind is blowing can greatly aid your docking.Are other boats leaving or entering the area you need to turn? How other boats are tied up or moving can greatly alter your intended steering and docking.Docking next to a long open pier is usually going to be easier than backing into a narrow slip in a confined marina.Look and see how much room you have to maneuver your vessel around the area you intend to dock.The things you need to notice when you are about to dock is where you intend to tie up, where other boats are, what the wind is doing, and to a lesser extent what the current is doing. Let's face it, you may be the greatest captain on the planet, but your ability to dock well is the key to your reputation. Attempting to tie up to a busy fuel dock on a windy weekend day can test anyone's piloting skills. ![]() Boat Owners Association of The United Statesĭocking Your ability to dock well is the key to your reputation.įor many people docking their boat is one of the most trying experiences to be had on the water. ![]() In addition, you can know your webinar data with its advanced analytics and tracking tools. WebinarJam supports many languages and allows to record as well as upload all the webinar sessions. WebinarJam is a flexible webinar service that is used by many industries and businesses. Besides, you should note that Mega Meeting Webinar platform merely allows one live video stream per session. The latter function is only available as an add-on for an additional charge. Few simple steps can be done to share a view of your desktop or any active application with others and record your webinar for playback, archiving or sharing. Mega Meeting is a program-based webinar hosting platform that enables customization of the interface for better audience impact and increasing brand awareness. But some users complain that it fails to keep up with the technological progress and the interface looks outdated and user-unfriendly. Users can conduct polls&surveys, ask questions and download resources based on ON24 Webinar platform. It is one of the first communication software. ON24 is created by ON24, Inc., a company that markets products and services based upon webcasting and virtual event and environment technology. But, all of these can be reached after expanding a few dollars for their pricing plans. It is practicable to create compelling micro-sites, manage emails and measure engagement. It provides you with a unique room to discuss privately with selected participants of your webinar away from the rest of the members and gives you complete control over the look and functionality of your virtual room. It is not so good that the pricing plan may be not affordable for those start-up and small companies.Īdobe Webinar platform, also called Adobe Connect Webinar, empowers you to create exceptional digital training, webinar, and collaboration experiences. There is no free webinar trial before purchase, but the pro version comes with better and advanced webinar features like simultaneous screen sharing, online support, private and group chats and MP4 or M4A recording. Zoom Webinar platform is a piece of versatile software that is effective when used for different occasions. But it is pricey compared to its competitors. It is available to scale your reach of each event via Cisco Webinar platform. You can not only brand your invitations or registration site but also customize the enrollment process with questions that let you score, track and follow up on leads. It is a popular event hosting and online meeting tool. Making money with webinars turns out to be much easier and safer.Ĭisco Webinar platform is another choice of top 10 webinar platforms. ![]() ezTalks Webinar enables you to set up paid webinars via PayPal integration. The recording files can be downloaded for references or shared a link with only your participants or even on the social platform for more audience.īig Update- Paid Webinar. When you sign up for ezTalks, you automatically get 1GB of free cloud storage. ezTalks Webinar offers local recording and cloud recording. Then you can evaluate your webinar performance and improve your next event.Įasy Recording. You can gain insight into your events by virtue of conducting surveys and getting reports on registration, participants and webinar quickly. The interactive video participants can fully use the collaborative tools like real-time screen sharing, online whiteboard, polling, Q&A session and instant messaging chat.Īnalytics Tools. When you schedule your webinar, it is also possible to select the time zone and describe the event introduction. It is feasible to add your company logo, customize background image to the platform for better audience impact and brand consistency, design your invitation email, registration form, waiting room and thank-you page, etc. ezTalks Webinar allows you to host a webinar session with up to 10,000 participants and unlimited audience via HD video/audio.įlexible Customization. For its free version, it supports 100 minutes maximum but with all the other features of ezTalks Webinar paid version. Due to its unsurpassed features, it ranks first in almost all top webinar platforms.įree to Use. It gives you the chances to build a more personal relationship with your audience, delve deeper into your interested topics, build your brand or company image effectively and so on. As you may be dazed by numerous platforms, to help you out, here is the top 10 webinar platforms comparison.ĮzTalks Webinar is definitely one of the best webinar platforms on the market. ![]() ![]() 2004 2:802–8.Įquils O, Lu D, Gatter M, Witkin SS, Bertolotto C, Arditi M, et al. Chlamydia and apoptosis: life and death decisions of an intracellular pathogen. Interaction of chlamydiae and host cells in vitro. Evidence for long-term cervical persistence of Chlamydia trachomatis by omp1 genotyping. ConclusionĬHSP60- and cHSP10-induced caspase expression, proinflammatory cytokine production and apoptosis of primary cervical epithelial cells might play a role in the pathogenesis of infertility in women with persistent chlamydial infection.ĭean D, Suchland RJ, Stamm WE. ![]() Transcript levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in cells treated with cHSP60 and cHSP10 were found to be significantly ( P < 0.05) higher in stimulated than in control cells. A DNA microarray study showed significant ( P < 0.05) upregulation of interleukin (IL)-1 β-convertase, and caspase-3, -8 and -9 genes in cHSP60- and cHSP10-stimulated than in control cells as confirmed by real-time RT-PCR and western blotting. ResultsĪfter a 4-h incubation in the presence of recombinant cHSP60 or cHSP10, the number of cells exhibiting annexin V binding activity increased 6- and 5-fold, respectively ( P < 0.05). Further, levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-18 and IL-1β) were determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Quantitative measurements of apoptosis were made using cytofluorometry, and apoptosis-related genes were analyzed by microarray, real-time PCR and western blotting. Primary cervical epithelial cells were stimulated with cHSP60 and cHSP10 for 4 h. The potential role of chlamydial heat shock proteins (cHSP) 60 and cHSP10 in apoptosis of primary cervical epithelial cells was investigated. |
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